Contextual Overview

Leviticus 16 describes the Day of Atonement, a significant annual event in ancient Israel’s sacrificial system, aimed at making atonement for the people’s sins. The verses detail rituals involving two goats: one for the Lord and another as a scapegoat, symbolizing the removal of sin from the community.

Meaning and Insights

• Matthew Henry's Commentary: Henry emphasizes the significance of the sin offering. He notes that the goat designated for the Lord signifies the need for a substitutionary sacrifice, reflecting God’s holy justice and mercy. This act points towards the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, fulfilling the law’s requirements.

• Albert Barnes' Commentary: Barnes elaborates on the symbolism of the goat. He suggests that the selection of the goat by the Lord serves to illustrate God’s sovereign choice in atonement, underscoring that it is God who accepts the sacrifice. Barnes links this practice to the broader theme of redemption found throughout scripture.

• Adam Clarke's Commentary: Clarke discusses the ritual's role in Israel's covenant with God. He notes that offering the goat signifies confession and recognition of sin within the community, reinforcing the necessity for atonement. Clarke parallels the ritual with New Testament themes of redemption and forgiveness.

Bible Cross-References

This verse connects with various other scriptures that enhance its meaning and significance:

• Exodus 30:10: Discusses atonement for the altar, establishing foundational principles for offerings.
• Isaiah 53:6: Illustrates the concept of all humanity straying and the need for a sacrifice.
• Hebrews 9:22: Affirms that without the shedding of blood, there is no remission of sin, linking Old Testament practices to New Testament theology.
• Romans 3:23-25: Discusses justification through faith in Jesus, correlating with the purpose of atonement.
• 1 Peter 2:24: Highlights Christ’s sacrifice, echoing the significance of the sin offering in Leviticus.
• John 1:29: Referring to Jesus as the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, paralleling the sacrificial system.
• Leviticus 4:20: Discusses other sin offerings, further encapsulating Israel's understanding of atonement.

Thematic Connections

The theme of atonement present in Leviticus 16:9 paves the way to understanding the broader narrative of salvation throughout the Biblical text:

• Substitutionary Atonement: The goat serves as a substitute, a theme that continues into New Testament teachings (John 3:16).
• God’s Sovereignty: The random yet divinely controlled selection of the goats illustrates God's governance in providing salvation.
• National Atonement: This ritual emphasizes community sin and the need for collective repentance before God.
• Preparation for Worship: The Day of Atonement is a vital precursor to true worship, highlighting the importance of being right with God.

Conclusion

Leviticus 16:9 encapsulates profound theological truths that resonate through both the Old and New Testaments. By studying the connections and thematic elements, believers can foster a deeper understanding of God's plan for redemption and the ultimate fulfillment in Christ.