Summarized Meaning

The refusal of Edom to allow Israel to pass through its territory signifies the deep-seated animosities and tensions between different nations, particularly among the descendants of Jacob and Esau. This passage highlights the divine plan where the Israelites are reminded of their journey through the wilderness and God's guidance, yet also reflects human resistance and the complex nature of tribal relationships.

Key Insights from Commentaries

• Matthew Henry:

  Henry emphasizes that the Edomites, descendants of Esau, represent opposition to God's people. Their refusal to accommodate the Israelites symbolizes the struggles the faithful encounter in their journey. He notes the importance of patience and how Israel learned hard lessons about trust in God amidst hostility.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes points out the historical context, noting Edom's fortified barriers and the military might that Edom threatened against Israel. He explains how the Israelites were on a divinely appointed journey, and their struggle highlights spiritual principles of endurance and reliance on God's providence even when faced with adversaries.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke elaborates on the geopolitical implications of this verse, discussing intertribal relationships and Israel's struggle. He reflects on the attitude of Edom and suggests that this resistance serves to remind the Israelites of their position and dependence on God’s mercy as they navigated perilous situations.

Bible Cross-References

This verse connects strongly with several other scripture passages, providing a deeper understanding of its context and implications:

• Genesis 25:30-34 - Details the birth of Jacob and Esau, setting the stage for their descendants' rivalry.
• Exodus 15:15 - Refers to the fear of Edom regarding the advancing Israelites during their exodus.
• Deuteronomy 2:4-6 - Laws regarding Israel's interaction with Edom highlight the necessity of respect and caution.
• Judges 11:17 - Relates to Israel's prior attempts to pass through Edom and emphasizes the ongoing conflicts.
• Obadiah 1:10-14 - Prophecies against Edom that point toward Edom's contentious history with Israel.
• Amos 1:11-12 - Condemnation of Edom for its violence against Israel underlines the longstanding animosity.
• Romans 9:13 - Paul references God's choice of Jacob over Esau, linking to the thematic discussions of God’s sovereign choices.

Conclusion

In summary, Numbers 20:18 serves as a poignant reminder of the struggles faced by the Israelites during their journey. The dynamics between Edom and Israel underscore broader themes of enmity and divine providence. Understanding this verse through cross-references and biblical commentary enriches one’s study and interpretation of the Scriptures.